Alice walker in search of the garden Essay

lice Walker’s essay, In Search of Our Mother’s Garden, talks about her search of the African American women’s suppressed talent, of the artistic skills and talents that they lost because of slavery and a forced way of life. Walker builds up her arguments from historical events as well as the collective experiences of African Americans, including her own. She uses these experiences to back up her arguments formed from recollections of various African American characters and events. Walker points out that a great part of her mother’s and grandmothers’ lives have been suppressed because of their sad, dark pasts. But all of these are not lost because somehow, these are manifested in even the smallest things that they do, and that they were also able to pass it down to the very people that they loved. Our search of our mother’s garden may end back to ourselves. Walker builds up her argument by mentioning the experiences of other people in the essay. One of them is Jean Toomer, a poet in the early 1920s. He is a man who observed that Black women are unique because they possessed intense spirituality in them, even though their bodies endure every aspect of punishment in every single day of their lives. They were in the strictest sense Saints – crazy, pitiful saints. Walker points out that without a doubt, our mothers and grandmothers belong to this type of people. By building up on the observations of Toomer, she was somehow able to show how hard it was to be a mother or a grandmother or even just a woman at that time, one reason perhaps is that they are black. The mothers and grandmothers at that time endured all of this without any hope that tomorrow will be different, be better. Because of this, they were not able to fully express themselves. They were held back by their society. Another black character that she used to build her argument is Phillis Wheatley, a Black slave girl with a precarious health. Phillis is a poet and a writer at her own right, but unfortunately, she wasn’t able to do much with it because she was a slave. She didn’t have anything for herself, worse, she didn’t even own herself. Her futile attempts for self expression would be washed up by forced labor and pregnancies. She lost her health, and eventually her life without fully expressing herself through her gift for poetry. Alice Walker used the story of Phillis to establish the understanding that indeed, African American women at that time were not allowed or didn’t have the luxury of time to exercise their gifts, to hone their talents and abilities, and use them to fully express themselves. By doing so, Walker proves that our mothers and grandmothers lived a boxed life back then, with no way to channel to them emotions and thoughts other than hard labor and forced servitude. She pointed out that we wouldn’t know if anyone of them would’ve bloomed to be poets, singers, actresses, because they never really had the chance to know what they can do. By building up her argument using these two accounts, she is also presenting very strong evidence to her claim. These accounts were personal experiences of real African American people, and these are not just isolated cases. These are shared experiences not just by these two but by all of their people. Walker can confidently say that there is a lot of Phillis Wheatley in those times, perhaps including her mother and grandmothers. This is concrete evidence because it is not fictional, it is not imaginary, or something conceived out of Walker’s creativity. Slavery, forced pregnancies, poverty, and artistic suppression were the realities during the time of our grandmothers. No one can deny this, and no one can deny the existence of Phillis or the accounts of Jean Toomer. Considering Alice Walker’s authority in her arguments, she could be considered as an expert, a reliable source of information on the topic. First off, she is an African American woman, who had her fair share of poverty in her childhood. She was born and raised by hardworking parents, who really had to work day and night to provide for their family. Also, she witnesses first hand that even though her mother may not be a poet or a novelist; she was an artist in the truest sense. Her artistic side is manifested in her gardens and the beautiful flowers that she grows. Alice Walker witnessed all of this, experienced first hand what it was like to be poor and seemingly talentless. The accounts that Alice Walker used to prove her points and back up her arguments were African American history that she was all too familiar with. It may have been shared to her by her families, or simply a collective knowledge passed down from one generation to another. She is also well-educated, a wide reader, and an artist. She often cites Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own, relating a white woman’s plight to a black woman’s hardships. She emphasizes that even though she recognizes Woolf’s point about society’s unfair treatment to women of her time, Walker still believes that black women suffered the most (Walker). There is simply nothing that could compare to the artistic suppression that her mother and grandmothers experienced. In this essay, she is appealing to a general audience, with no specific race or ethnicity. I think this essay was written to highlight the African American women of her mother and grandmother’s time, who were unable to express their talents and hone it to its full potential. This essay is written to inform anyone and everyone reading it about their stories, and of her discovery of her mother’s garden. She was glad to know that it is possible for African American women to express themselves even unknowingly, that it is up to us to discover these â€Å"gardens.† She is appealing to the readers in general that even though some people like our mothers and grandmothers seem talentless or artistically inferior, it doesn’t mean that they really lack the talent. It just means that were not looking hard enough to find it. Alice Walker’s method of using personal experience and historical accounts allow her to truthfully see and say what has really happened. She doesn’t have to make up hypothetical events because she already has a basis for her arguments. Jean Toomer’s recollections and Phillis Wheatley’s experiences are enough proof of her argument. If some people would disagree with what she’s saying, she can always go back to their experiences, to how Phillis suffered without fully using her gift, or what Toomer saw in the streets in the early Twenties. But because of this, I think Walker is somehow limited to the sad and pitiful stories of the past. Well, in reality, most of the stories of African Americans were really sad and pitiful, but still, Walker failed to mention of any successful artist who rose from the ranks of slaves to write her own story. It is either this kind of story really didn’t exist at that time, or Walker just didn’t mention it, since it wasn’t the focus of her essay. Alice Walker concluded her essay by saying that Phillis Wheatley’s mother was also an artist, and that the achievements of their daughters were in some way brought about by their mothers. Her conclusion states that the mother is somehow responsible in every achievement of their daughter. Any artistic output by a person is also a product of their mother. Indeed, their children are their best creations, their very own wonderful gardens. This conclusion is related to her method because it goes back to how Phillis Wheatley’s mother was somehow responsible for her daughter’s artistic sense, and that beyond the poverty and the hardships that our mothers and grandmothers experienced during their times, they were still able to artistically express themselves through their children, their very own wonderful gardens.

Faith in Humanity

Faith in Humanity Essay Faith in humanity is when a person has a belief that humans cannot do something so terrible, like burning people in mass ovens, because they are humane. This belief was used against the Jews, as well as the public, in the time of the Holocaust for Hitler’s benefit to pull a blind over their eyes in early stages of the Holocaust. There are many examples of faith in humanity from what was presented during this unit as well as belief of faith in humanity in modern day Thailand.Faith in humanity was a practice that crippled the Jews into believing that the Nazis couldn’t, and wouldn’t, shoot mass numbers of people into mass graves. In Night, by Ellie Wiesel, the author talks about a person who disappears and comes back with injuries. The person tells a sad tale about his misfortunes in his disappearing. He tells of foreigners having to offer up their necks to the Nazis so that they may shoot it, little babies being torn from their mothers†™ arms, being tossed up into the air and shot down, as if they were just target practice and not actually living beings.In Night, also the author talks about being at the concentration camp and seeing the mass grave pile, patiently waiting in a heap for the incinerator, but at first, in the dark, he couldn’t and chose not to believe it because he didn’t think, even after the horrific cattle ride where an old woman was viciously beaten by fellow prisoners because she wouldn’t shut up, that that anyone could burn bodies that had been gassed or shot. He had a massive amount of faith in the Nazis’ hearts and consciences. The book Night and the book The Book Thief were both laced with faith in humanity.The Book Thief, written by Markus Zusak, has many forms of Faith in humanity intertwined through the pages. In the book, Liesel, the main character, has faith in the Nazis but when her family turns out to be storing a Jew, she hears stories that compromise her original faith. The Jew, Max Vandenburg, tells her stories of his family in hiding, some gruesome tales about when he was captured, what he saw when he was hiding within the shadows of an abandoned warehouse, and what forced him to hide. Her faith in the Nazis dwindled but she still went to Hitler Youth where she was subjected to the lies that she had put her faith in.She heard that all Jews that were not in hiding were deported and forced into horrible conditions when she got home but had to keep the picture of an innocent, oblivious German girl who goes along with the plan and keeps her faith in humanity. As well as Liesel, the main character in The Book Thief, and the Germans in the time of Holocaust, the Thai people also have a massive amount of faith in humanity in their own kind. The people in Thailand are, unless it has been committed near them, oblivious to the practice of sex and human trafficking.Many young girls every year are taken from their families and cities to be s old into slavery and bondage without knowledge of the public. The Thais have faith in the other Thais, so much that on the outside of the Reclining Buddha statue, there is a sign that says, â€Å"Warning: Not Thai Bandits and Pick Pockets around. † Thais are unknowingly giving up the younger generation of girls because they are hidden behind a curtain of faith in the wrong thing, humanity. Faith in Humanity is, and has been, practiced all over in the world. From the Holocaust to Thailand, modern day, it reins true, we cannot imagine life where anyone could be so cruel.

Google is a company that has created a road map for what IT companies Research Paper

Google is a company that has created a road map for what IT companies should be like explain how Google can be considered to be - Research Paper Example The organization was founded by Sergey Brin and Larry Page. It is considered as the world’s most important and popular customer Technology Company. The search engine of Google is supreme popular among the global internet users. The organization introduced Android operating system for the Smartphone buyers. The organization has a mission to organize the information of the world and make it useful and accessible across the globe (Google, 2013, p.1). Effective service and product differentiation strategy helped the organization to secure its leading position within the competitive market place. A broad range of technological products and services helped people to attain information about every possible necessary product across the globe. Strong research and development always ensures the quality of products and featured within these products. Online advertising is another major business growth driver of Google. Throughout its business operation Google Inc acquired several leading organization in order to develop a potential user base around the globe. Most importantly, this business strategy helped the organization to maximize its business profit margin. ... Therefore the organization tried to implement effective operational strategies in order to meet the satisfaction level of the users around the globe. Whether designing a new and attractive internet browser or a unique tweak to the get up of the home page, Google takes significant care in order to ensure that they ultimately serve people. They always try to meet their corporate and organizational value through effective customer service rather than achieving own bottom line or internal goal. The homepage interface of Google is quite simple and clear. In addition the pages load instantly right after a click. The organization constantly develops and introduces new applications and tools to ease the online activities of global users. Placements in the search results are never sold to any other individual. Effective privacy and significant security level of the applications motivate global users to access Google. The research and development team of Google exclusively focus on solving res earch problems. The research and development team constantly tries to find out a better solution for a particular problem. This continuous iteration helped the organization to solve difficult and complex issues. Continuous improvement in products and services and fast access to the information sites increased the acceptance level of Google among the global users (Franklin, Workman and Powell, 1997, p.12). An effective and impressive dedication to improve the searching process helps the organization to learn about new products and services. This actually enhances the knowledge and skill level of the employees to perform effectively. Gmail, Google maps are the most value added applications of Google that helps the people around the globe in

Education in Britain 1979 to Present Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Education in Britain 1979 to Present - Essay Example The period from 1979-1997 can be referred as neo-liberalism era as it was characterised by marketisation especially of public services. According to Gillard (2011) it was also a period of social and economic restructuring whereby Thatcher applied her unpopular aggressive policies earning her the title of ‘iron lady’. Prior to conservative government taking over office tremendous changes had been made in the education sector especially resulting from the 1944 Education Act. This Act saw the introduction of free and compulsory education to pupils aged 5-16 and also the famous selection tests known as 11+ (Jones, 2003: 25). The schools were put on Local Education Authorities who were involved in funding and management of schools. Parents, in this case, did not have much choice as to what schools their pupils should attend. Although the Act was aimed at creating equal opportunities for students’ social class differences were still apparent as students from the middle class attended good schools while those from poor backgrounds ended up in technical schools. It was a three tier system comprising of grammar schools, technical school, and secondary modern. Exclusion thus persisted. While in office, the secretary for education James Callaghan had instituted a youth opportunity program for 16-18-year-olds in 1978 after a great debate on the nature and purpose of education. When Thatcher came into office she did not abolish the system but rather expanded it in 1980 and renamed in 1983 to be the Youth Training Scheme. However, the debate in her time was one sided ads she did nit involve other actors such as parents, teachers and governors. In 1980 she also started the Assisted Places Scheme to help those poor students who passed entrance exams to get free places (Chitty, 2004: 45; Gillard, 2011). The first agenda for Thatcher concerning education was to do away with the 11 plus selection exam but her efforts were thwarted since comprehensive schooling still enjoyed great popularity (Richmond, 2007). The curriculum in place is determined by the government of the day hence prone to a lot of changes. The selection exam was

Student Performance Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Student Performance Analysis - Essay Example without these plans an organization cannot establish any goals, or have the ability to monitor their goals, which in turn enables them to improve the future not just of the schools but also of every student and member of staff within them. In developing these strategies care must be taken to ensure that the plan, the financial provision, the academic criterion and standard of teaching are realistic and assessable (WINSS, 2008). The Montgomery County Public Schools (MCPSa), in Rockville, Maryland have developed their strategic plan for the schools in their district along these lines. MCPS (2008b) have developed their financial resources plan to provide effective business services which provide efficient running of the schools. These are seen as vital for the educational accomplishments of the students. They have involved a larger parental and community support in their planning and budgeting, and in their outreach and partnerships. The business services either meet or go above the requirements of the schools, and they have implemented an arrangement to employ, support and keep hold of highly qualified teachers and other staff members. The financial resources invested each year has increased from 2002 when the budgeted costs for ‘all strategic functions’ at $1.10 per square foot, in 2007 it was $1.22 per square foot (MCPS, 2008b). The human resources that the plan endeavors to produce are equally successful. MCPS (2008) main criteria in these area of resource is to develop and reinforce dynamic partnerships for the education of the students. They also support the relationship from the outside community and their participation in the school to encourage success. Continuous professional training has been implemented; the staff are now offered more support and mentoring has been put into practice for all staff. The plan has enabled the schools to train 138 more staff in leadership training in 2007, than it did in 2002 (MCPSa, 2008). Furthermore, MCPS

Type 2 Diabetes In The Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Type 2 Diabetes In The Middle East - Essay Example WHO projects that the Middle East will account for the biggest rise in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes across the globe in 2030. UK’s medical periodical â€Å"The Lancet† predicts that the population with diabetes in this region will reach 60 million in 2030. Both projections are more or less similar but demonstrate the devastating outcome of widespread sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy diets. According to WHO, the biggest rise in mortality from chronic illnesses will take place in Africa and the Middle East. This predictive statistic is the product of a systematic analysis of 24 studies, which also showed the pooled occurrence of type 2 diabetes in the Middle East as 10.5%. More specifically, over 1% of Iran’s urban population over the age of 20 acquired type 2 diabetes in 2013 (Habibzadeh, 2012, p. 1).The most significant impact of type 2 diabetes on Middle Eastern communities is their health investments. Healthcare expenses are continually rising in the Mid dle East. The federation recently set expenditure for fighting both types of diabetes to increase from the current $16.8 billion to $22 billion in 2030 and $24.7 billion in 2035 (Bell, 2013; Kerr, 2014). This increase in healthcare investment is enough to bankrupt health industries of smaller UAE members and Middle Eastern countries. Investments in healthcare systems represent a financial burden to the Middle East, which is an economic impact. Another financial burden caused by type 2 diabetes is the loss of productivity.

Critically discuss why it has proved so difficult to curb child labour Essay

Critically discuss why it has proved so difficult to curb child labour - Essay Example Even with the implementation of laws within the local and international setting seeking to manage and reduce child labour incidents, this issue has remained a major problem. This essay shall now critically discuss why it has proved difficult to curb the child labour problem. An overview of the child labour problem will first be presented followed by issues and challenges relating to child labour. Possible proposals and recommendations to curb child labour will also be presented in this essay. Body About 246 million children are said to be involved in child labour according to the UNICEF1. About 20% of these children also work under very dangerous, unhealthy, and unsafe conditions, including work in mines, work with chemicals in agriculture, and working with hazardous machines2. Cases of child labour are also very extensive, covering various countries, and being subjected to different conditions, including work in their own homes. A good majority of these children are in the agricultu ral setting. There are also millions of young female children working as household helpers, often open to exploitation as well as abuse. Millions more are exposed to unfavourable conditions as they are subjected to trafficking, debt payments, slavery, child soldiering3, and prostitution4. Estimates indicate how Asia and the Pacific area have the biggest number of child labourers as young as 5 years to 14 years. Sub-Saharan Africa has about 48 million child labourers with Latin America and the Caribbean having about 17.4 million child labourers5. Fifteen percent of children in the Middle East and North Africa are also working with about 2.5 million and 2.4 million children subjected to work for developing and developing states6. This problem will likely continue to escalate and worsen in the years following due to the current unfavourable conditions present in these countries where child labour statistics are high. Child labour is very much related to rural activities. In Pakistan fo r example, close to 70% of their working children are carrying out agricultural works7. The young boys would likely be involved than girls in child labour and the older children are often involved in paid work8. The issue with child labour relates to the impact on the welfare of the children and the impact of such issue on households. In India, courts ruled against the practice of employing children in factories to make fireworks, including other dangerous occupations9. This is the idea which supports majority of the policy discussions on child labour and is the basis for ILO Convention No. 13810. The favourable impact to the household on allowing child labour mostly relates to economic benefits and the decreased educational cost in not sending the child to school11. The main costs relating to child labour refers to the possibly decreased future wages of the child as he or she would enter into the adult workforce; as he or she has lower educational attainment, his or her work qualif ications are compromised. There are specific accepted premises on child labour which should support the discussion. For one, it is very clear that child labour very much indicates poverty among households where children are living. In a review of studies which portray major negative relations between child labour and household income, such relationship is less relevant for the more progressive but

Cloud Computing in Telecommunications Research Paper

Cloud Computing in Telecommunications - Research Paper Example In addition, cloud computing has successfully changed the dimensions of telecommunication (Weiss; Koehler, Kraemer and Anandasivam). In today’s global world where new standards and technologies are offered everyday each and every organization is trying its level best to make use of cloud computing. Additionally, the idea of cloud computing is already adopted in various fields. According to a research, cloud environment will be adopted in a large number of corporations and enterprises in upcoming years. In fact, cloud computing is already been adopted in various sectors such as telecommunication and information technology which resulted in significant growth and profit generation (Phukan). In this way the telecom sector is much energized about the scenario of cloud environment. In addition, the telecom sector will acquire numerous competitive advantages from networking operations along with modern technological aspects. Hence it will become easy for them to play an imperative r ole in the rapid growing world of cloud computing environment (Phukan). Significant Factors We can examine numerous opportunities of cloud environment in telecom corporations with various factors. Therefore, we focus more on those factors that are helpful in making telecommunication an important player in this rising domain. ... The second most important aspect deals with recognizing the future situations on the basis of which telecommunication will establish its position in the marketplace (Koehler, Kraemer and Anandasivam). Major aspects of Cloud Computing There are various aspects of cloud computing which are necessary to make telecom sector more productive. These 3 aspects facilitate customers in reference of cloud environment. This thing includes various critical factors: Software as a Service (SaaS) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Platform as a Ser v ice (PaaS) However, the network service providers might facilitate regarding connectivity related issues in a cloud landscape. In this way a numbers of telecommunication applications will be moved to the infrastructure that meets the criteria of cloud computing environment. But those who will not be able to shift will be delivered as Software as a Service that is usually abbreviated as (SaaS). In this scenario, the adoption of cloud environment in telec omm sector will benefit telecomm corporations and their operators. Thus this advance technological aspect will be helpful in developing vendors’ controlled services; in fact it is beneficial for those clouds operators that do not want to make investment for running their cloud operations (Gabrielsson, Hubertsson and Mas). In addition, the internet protocol (IP) communications along with componentized environment of the software products that are used by telecom sector and service providers is perfect one for cloud environment. As we know that promising technologies of service architectures like IP multimedia subsystems that is abbreviated as (IMS) as well as next generation networks that is abbreviated as (NGN) will facilitate in strengthening their position in

Uht Milk Essay Example for Free

Uht Milk Essay I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the project report entitled â€Å"To study and analyse the consumer behavior of Ultra heated milk across Tamil Nadu† written and submitted by me to University of Pune, in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Masters of Marekting Management under the guidance pf Prof. A. Ramakumar. This is my original work and the conclusions drawn therein are based on the material collected by myself. Place: Pune Date:Aruna Sampath Kumar CERTIFICATE This is to certify that project titled â€Å"To study and analyse the consumer behavior of Ultra heated milk across Tamil Nadu† at Cavin Kare Pvt. Ltd is a bonafide work carried out by Miss. Aruna Sampath Kumar, 2nd year MMM student of Sinhgad Institute of Management, Vadgoan, Pune in partial fulfillment of MMM degree of Univeristy of Pune. She has worked under our guidance and direction. Signature of DirectorSignature of Project Guide Dr. Daniel PenkarProf. A. Ramakumar Date:Date: Place: PunePlace: Pune ACKNOWLEGDEMENT I take this opportunity as privilege to express my deep sense of gratitude to Dr. Daniel Penkar – Director, Dr. Rupali Jain- Jt. Director and Dr. Shivaji U Gawade- Head Research, Sinhgad Institute of Management, Pune for their continous encouragement, invaluable guidance and help for Completing the present research at work. They have been a source of Inspiration to me and I am indebted to them for initiating me in the field of research. I am deeply indebted to Prof. A. Ramakumar, my project guide, Singhad Institute of Management , Pune, without his help completion of the project was highly impossible. I take this opportunity as a privilege to articulate my deep sense of gratefulness to Mr. Aldrin Joseph-Marketing Manager of Cavin Kare. Pvt. Ltd. Their encouragement and valuable guidance are gratefully acknowledged, I would also like to thank Mrs. Jessima Yasmin-Product Manager, for guiding and supporting me throughout my project. I would like to acknowledge all my family members and friends for their help and support. Lastly, I convey my gratitude to all those who directly or indirectly related to this project and helped me to complete this project report. Thanks and regards, Aruna Sampath Kumar INDEX Chapter No| Contents| Page No| *| Executive Summary| | 1| Introduction| | | 1. 1 Introduction| | | 1. 2 Objective of the Study| |. | 1. 3 Scope of Project| | | 1. 4 Limitations of Project| | 2| Conceptual Background| | 3| Profile of Organisation| | | 3. 1 Corporate Profile: Cavin Kare Group| | | 3. 2 Partnerships| | | 3. 3 Various Brands under Cavin Kare| | | 3. 4 Cavin Kare Diary Division| | 4| Research Methodology | | | 4. 1 Source Method of data collection| | | 4. 2 Method of data collection| | | 4. 3 Sampling Design | | 5| Data Presentation, Analysis Interpretation| | 6| Findings, Suggestions and Conclusions| | | 6. 1 Findings| | | 6. 2 Suggestions| | | 6. 3 Conclusion| | *| Bibliography| | *| Annexure| |. Executive Summary The project involved working with the core Marketing Department of the company, and worked as part of the marketing team that is looking at launching the Ultra Heated Milk (UHT milk) also known as tetra pack milk in TAMIL NADU. Initially, we had to understand the various players in the market, the marketing strategies and also the various pricing along with packaging techniques used by the players such as Nestle, Amul, Vijaya, Britannia, etc. We tried to analyse the gold standard of milk according to the respondents and what aspect do they value the most in their daily cup of milk. The project involved in Idea conception, product development, firming up communications, reflecting the same with external agencies that include the IMRB and media agencies such as Ogilvy and Mathew During the project, I have independently conducted and provided findings and recommendations through a qualitative research covering more than 50 respondents, via primary data collection method such as questionnaire and personal interview. The respondents were of various stratums such as double income no kids, house-wives, bachelors, students and health conscious individuals. The later stage of project involved conducting 5 In-depth interviews amongst UHT users, who were asked questions in detail about various parameters and characteristics they would look in a new player within the niche market of UHT. A focus group interview with more than four respondents about their experience with using UHT milk and comparing it with non-UHT milk users were conducted. The project involved understanding the reasons for using UHT milk and the awareness level amongst UHT milk users, and the price sensitive index in the UHT industry. Also, key reasons for respondents keeping away from daily consumption of UHT milk. The findings gave brief highlights that in the current scenario, according to respondents the UHT milk is used or preferred as a contingency product, or during crisis situation. The important factors which respondents or consumers consider while buying UHT milk. Few factors such as price matters the most during the purchase of UHT. Secondly, the longer shelf life and easy availability are next important consideration parameters in purchase of UHT milk. The secondary data for the project was collected through journals, magazines and internet research. However, being a niche market, the secondary data availability was comparatively less. The project involved a complete exposure to milk industry and fast moving goods industry where detailed concept building was structured. During the conduct and completion of the project, certain limitations have been also encountered. The same have been mentioned below. We have also suggested some recommendations in order to reduce the limitations encountered. Chapter 1: Introduction. 1:1 Introduction The project involves a detailed understanding of consumer perceptions and the key factors affecting the consumption pattern of consumers. Consumer Research is the systematic collection and analysis of consumer information for the purpose of important decision making in marketing. Consumer Research plays an important role in marketing process, helps in consumer measurement, market potential, sales forecast, each element like product mix, distribution mix, price effectiveness of an advertisement campaign or consumer acceptance of a product. The above mentioned factors have been take into consideration while formulating the questionnaire for the research project. Cavin Kare. Pvt . Ltd is rolling into the markets of Tamilnadu with new milk variants(toned milk, double toned, standardized, low fat) flavoured milk and curd. The conclusions of this project will help the company to introduce the Tetra pack milk, which is made after an ultra heated temperature, where there in no bacteria and the shelf life of the milk is very high of approximately 180 days. 1:2 Objectives of the study. * To understand the general perceptions of the milk consuming population about UHT milk. * To study the consumption pattern of UHT milk. * To broadly, understand the key reasons for minimal consumption of UHT milk. * To do the competitive analysis of UHT milk production in Tamil Nadu. 1:3 Scope of Project * The project being a qualitative and quantitative in nature gives a wide scope to the research for significant findings and conclusions. * With the recognition of consumer perceptions and consumer behaviour for Ultra Heated milk, the scope and practical application of the project has been considerably widened. * The insights from the project can be used for new product development for the company i. e. the tetra pack milk, or the UHT milk, as the stage in a new development process- the concept development and consumer testing is already conducted during the research process. * The findings and conclusions of the project give emphasis on various parameters which influence the consumer behavior such as cultural factor, social factor and personal factors. * A Survey Research, which is used in the project, is a communication approach, which involves questioning respondents and recording their responses. It is the most versatile approach for the collection of abstract information of all types. * It offers an economical and efficient means of learning opinions and attitudes, intentions and expectations of respondents * Interpretation of question by the respondent can greatly vary the responses. 1:4 Limitations of Project * Research was conducted in certain parts of Tamilnadu and the respondents have given a voluntary response. * Certain limitations has been encountered while doing the project due to which information collected and conclusion that was arrived on it were as follows: 1. Due to the stiffness in time, very less chance of interaction with a huge number of Ultra Heated milk consumers were possible. 2. The data collected were according to the convenience of the respondents and the major hurdle was time management. 3. Some cases respondents were also not willing to give answers of few questions which were open ended questions. 4. The two month research process was comparatively less for studying the entire consumer behaviour of the Ultra Heated milk. Chapter 2: Conceptual Background About the Milk and Milk Product Industry: India is the largest producer of milk in the world with an estimated production of 91mn tons in FY03. The industry has maintained a high growth of milk production of about 4-5% per annum in the last two decades, especially after Operation Flood. Food and Agricultural Organization has projected Asia and Latin America to be the focal points of milk production growth, primarily due to high consumption, low-costs and non subsidized exports. India also has an inherent advantage of being amidst major milk deficit countries in Asia and Africa. Major milk importing countries are Bangladesh, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Thailand. Major Players in the Industry: The packaged milk segment is dominated by the regional and national level dairy cooperatives. These dairy co-operatives collect milk from the various small-scale vendors, pack it and distribute it under their brand name. There are certain standards set and tests conducted before the milk is collected from the vendors. The milk is tested for its fat content, taste, color, odour, quality (organoleptic test), acidity and specific gravity (water content). The standard specific gravity for cow milk is 1. 0295. The largest player in the milk market is Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) with its brand Amul that is a national level co-operative. The other National Co-operatives are Andhra Pradesh Milk Marketing Federation (APMMF) with its Vijaya brand, Karnataka Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation (KCMMF) with its Nandini brand and Aavin (UHT milk) in Tamil Nadu Co-operative Milk Federation Ltd. There are numerous regional dairy cooperatives with their local brands. Gokul, Varana in Maharashtra, Saras in Rajasthan and Verka in Punjab, are the prominent ones. There are a few private players such as J K Dairy, Heritage Foods, Indiana Dairy, Dairy Specialties, etc. A few MNC players have recently entered the market. Britannia attempted to foray into the fresh pouch milk market nationally, but has withdrawn from most markets after receiving a poor response. Nestle, Britannia and Amul have forayed into emerging segments such as Ultra Heated Treatment (UHT) and flavored milk. Ultra Heat Treated (UHT) milk is becoming popular and is estimated at Rs1. 5bn. Major players in the UHT milk market are cooperatives like Amul (GCMMF) and Vijaya (APMMF) and private players like Britannia and Nestle. National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) has also entered this market under its Mother Dairy brand. Another category of milk, which has a small market, is flavored milk (fat content of around 3%). The main brands in this category are GCMMF’s Amul Kool, Aarey’s Energee, Britannia’s Milkman and Nestle’s Fruit n Milk. Condensed milk is a popular ingredient used in homemade sweets and cakes. Nestles Milkmaid is the leading brand with more than 55% market share. The only other competitor is GCMMFs Amul. Total investment in the dairy sector between 1991-2002 was at Rs150bn, of which foreign investment was of Rs11bn. India’s total milk production is projected to grow to 108mn tons by end of 2007 as per Tenth Plan estimates. The market is estimated to touch Rs1,100bn in value terms by FY05. Product Profile: Ultra Heated Treatment (UHT) is a new product for Cavin Kare Pvt. Ltd. The company plans to launch the product is the mere future, after analyzing the consumer perception and purchase behavior steps. According David Louden, we can define Consumer Behaviour as processes a person goes through when purchasing and using Products and Services, including Mental and Social processes that precede and follow these actions. Consumer behaviour encompasses the behaviour that consumers display in searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating and disposing of products and services that they expect will satisfy their needs. It is a study of the decisions of individuals, groups and organizations to spend available resources on consumption related items. There are various roles played by a consumer: a) Initiator b) Influencer c) Buyer d) User The consumer buying decision process can be explained as follows: Need Recognition Pre- Purchase Information Search Evaluation of Alternatives Puchase Decision Post Purchase Behaviour Five Force Model for Ultra Heated Milk Sector The Ultra heated milk comes under the Diary Industry. While understanding the diary industry we can apply the Porter’s Five Force Model to the industry thereby relating it to the Buyers Power, Supplier’s power, Substitutes, New entrants and Degree of Rivalry. The dairy market will be analyzed taking manufacturers of packaged milk and dairy products as players, retailers as buyers, and raw milk producers (dairy farmers) as suppliers. The market has a three-level structure: small dairy farms form cooperatives, which are organized into 270 unions, and each state has its own federation of these unions. The food retail market in India remains fragmented, reducing buyer power, although the entry of large foreign chains is destined to increase buyer power going forward. Strong growth in the dairy market will encourage new entrants while easing competitive rivalry. Buyers Power The dairy market will be analyzed taking manufacturers/packagers of dairy products as players, and food retailers as buyers. Food and beverage retail is fragmented in India: the non-organized segment accounts for a significant share of its revenues, and independents and small supermarket chains are significant in the organized segment. Regulations make it difficult for large foreign retailers such as Wal-Mart to gain access to the retail market. In these circumstances, where market players have many small potential buyers, buyer power is weakened. It is difficult to differentiate staple foods such as milk and butter, although manufacturers can target end-users with their branding strategies, or develop more individuated, premium products, such as organic yoghurt, to defend against the power of buyers determined to make purchasing decisions on price alone. There is some forward integration: Amul, for example, plans to open retail outlets to sell its own dairy products. Dairy products are an important part of most consumers food and beverage purchasing, and food retailers are therefore strongly motivated to stock them; this weakens their buying power, assessed overall as strong. Suppliers Power For many dairy markets, the key input is milk, which manufacturers must buy from farmers. Dairy cooperatives, which typically integrate dairy farming, milk collection, processing, and packaging, are present in developed-economy markets (e. g. Campina in India); however, they have a much more prominent role in India. Almost 100,000 dairy cooperatives are organized into 170 producer unions, which are combined at state level into 15 cooperative milk marketing federations. Some of the latter have strong consumer brands for their milk and other dairy products, such as Amul. As the Indian market is dominated by these cooperatives, the suppliers of interest are still further upstream, and include manufacturers of cattle feed, milking machines, and packaging, and providers of services such as veterinary care and artificial insemination. The products involved are fairly commoditized, and there are a reasonable number of suppliers; also, the ability of cooperatives to purchase on behalf of their members (who may be very small-scale farmers) means that supplier power is correspondingly decreased. Overall, supplier power is moderate. New Entrants The dairy market can be entered by a new company starting up, by an existing company diversifying into dairy product production, or by a dairy products company established elsewhere beginning to sell in this market. Imports of dairy products are permitted, although tariffs are not negligible. Small-scale entry, perhaps as an artisanal producer of premium dairy products, does not require very large amounts of capital. However, for new entrants aiming to challenge the major players in the mass consumer market, entry barriers are higher. Scale economies in production will be important. Most dairy products are perishable, which means that reliable supply and distribution cold chains are vital to avoid the costs of wastage this can be a particular barrier to entry in India, with its combination of hot climate and often poor infrastructure. Leading dairy product players may have strong brands, aimed at retaining end-user loyalty, which means that new players will have a more difficult task to differentiate their own brands. Government regulations include laws on food safety, which increase compliance costs. Overall, there is a strong likelihood of new players in the dairy market. Substitutes From the consumers point of view, dairy products may be used directly as food or beverages, or ingredients for other home-made foods. There are a wide range of foods and drinks that can be used in similar ways to dairy products, so if dairy price rise too high, it is easy for consumers to replace them with alternatives. This reduces the pricing freedom of retailers and market players. Some of the alternatives may have advantages for retailers, such as cheaper storage or higher margins. The threat of substitutes is assessed here as strong, although dairy products are important parts of most peoples diet and are unlikely to becompletely replaced. Rivalry The market is fairly fragmented, with the three largest federations accounting for less than 50% of the total market revenues. This decreases rivalry. Furthermore, as dairy products are usually perishable, storage costs are high. Industrial production of dairy products requires substantial, specialized assets, and the need to sell these off when leaving the market translates into high exit costs. Overall, rivalry is moderate. However, as the cooperative federations dominate the market in their home states, retailers have less real choice of dairy product maker than elsewhere, which translates into high switching costs and reduces rivalry. Chapter 3: Profile of the Organization 3:1 Corporate Profile Success is a journey not a destination. Cavin kare began with a young mind choosing the road less taken. In 1983 with a single product, cavin kare started out as a small partnership firm Chik India. In the year 1990, it was promoted as beauty cosmetics pvt ltd and was later renamed as cavin kare pvt ltd CKPL in 1998. With nnovative entrepreneur C. K Ragnathan at the helm, Cavin Kare emerged into a successful enterprise. From an initial investment 15000 cavin kare is an organization INR 5,000 Mil, well known for its quality products and excellent practices. Smart Marketing and clear product positioning not only ensure Cavin Kare’s growth but also help the company broaden its product portfolio extensively. The company now markets 10 major brands such as Chik, Fairever, Nyle, Meera, Spinz,Indica,Ruchi, CHinni, Tex and Karthika. Over the years the company has achived significant milestones and competitive edge with sound understanding of mass marketing dynaimics. The company offers high quality personal care (Hair care, skin care, home care) and food products borne out of a keen understanding of consumer needs and keeping up company’s value of innovation and customer satisfaction. Today, Cavin Kare has established a firm food hold in the national market increasing its popularity in the international arena in the markets such as Sri Lanka Malaysia Bangladesh etc. Cavin Kare has touched a turnover of 5,000 Million INR in 2006-2007. The company has employee strength of 640 and is well known for its people practice. The company invests in People process development. It has all india networks of 1300 stockists catering to about 25 lakh outlets nationally. 3:2 Partnerships 1) Hemlatha Enterprises Pvt. Ltd (HEPL) The media function of the parent company was transformed into M/S Cavin Kare Advertising Pvt LTd. (CKPL) during the late 2000 in order to cater to the parent company, CKPL needs in terms of better media planning negotiations and buying. It also planned to pitch for other clients for other non mass media business so as to function as an independent advertising agency. It started functioning as an agency on records on 29 Sep 2000 to M/s CKPL. 2) Trends In vogue Pvt Ltd Trends in vogue pvt ltd a group company of CKPL came into being on July 2002 with a clear cut focus on providing personal styling and beauty solutions to everyone in the family. The company has pioneered the concept of Family Salons in India with its specialist brands- Lime Lite and Green Trends. With a team of professionals, highly qualified cosmetologists and hair care specialists from its in house institution- trends academy and with the skill base of the Cavin Kare R and D team, trends in vogue offers a range of cosmetics treatments including those made from Natural ingredients. Two major brands under Trends in Vogue: * Limelite * Green trends 3) Maa Fruits Pvt Ltd The company acquired Maa in February 2008 and post which the company is taking efforts in building efficient systems and processes. The plans include changes in packaging and concentrated efforts to build the brand. The brand is being aggressively marketed and distributed through CKPL’s sales network. 4) Cavin Kare Diary Division A new entrant into the line of business under the Cavin Kare Group, the CK diary division started with the acquisition of Prakash Diaries at Kanchipuram. Cavin’s Milk, as the brand is named, launched in Chennai on 13th January 2009. The diary division is currently in the process of vast and rapid expansion. Toned Milk Flavored Milk Full cream milk Standardized Milk Cavin’s Curd Double Tonned Milk Cavin Kare Pvt Ltd 3:3 Brands launched by Cavin Kare Pvt Ltd Chik Shampoo Brand History: Chick was first product to be launched by Cavin Kare in 1983 and it was responsible for popularizing the concept of sachets in the shampoo category. Today 71% of the volume of shampoo comes from sachets, largely due to the contribution of Chik. Chik was the first shampoo to launch a 50 paise sachet in 1999. It further accerlarated the growth of Chik, and it became the second largest shampoo brand in the country in the year 2001. The latest market share of CHik is 18%. The shampoo has launched a new variant of Chik Anti- Dandruff. Competition: The biggest competitor of Chick Shampoo is Clinic Plus, which also entered into the territory of Chik offering 50 paise and 1 rupee sachets in 2002. Target Audience: Chik Shampoo is targeted at Women 18-35 and rural audience. Fairever Brand History: Fairness is a proposition which Indians are obseesed. Till 1998 there was a only major player Fair and Lovely which was monopolizing the market with share of 95% (98% in rural), other players like Revlon Touch and Glow, Ponds Touch and Green, Freya, Fair Plus,Nivea Fairness cream for mass markets. The company then launched the product Fairever and communicated it to the target market as â€Å"Reason to Believe† of delivering fairness. The company converted a simple consumer insight into a proposition that made sense to the target audience. Over the ages consumers believed that ‘intake of saffron and milk by expected mothers helped them to deliver a fair baby. This simple insight was converted into a product proposition and that gave birth to the brand FAIREVER. Target Audience: The fairness cream customer is typically a female. The User is the catergory of B,C,D and the most common age to start using fairness cream is 13-15 years. The target age group is 14 to 35 years. USP of the brand: Get Natural in just 4 weeks. Competitors: Fair Lovely is a big competitor in the market. Other brands such as HLL, Emami, Godrej,Elder,Paras all try to share the same pie. Karthika Meera and Karthika together in Tamil Nadu make up to 90% of the category value while the rest is made up of unbranded players. Karthika’s positioning is to provide affordable hairwah solutions in the hair wash powder front. Meera Powder Using Shikakai for hair wash was a white spread practsie in the South India specially in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. The brand Meera was created based on that time tested tradional practice and was launched during 1990 in Tamil Nadu as abranded Shikakai powder. The primary target was on home made Shikakai users. Different variants like Amla, Hibiscus and brand extentions have been tried out over the years but Shikakai remains the top selling variant of the company. Competitors Information: The major competitors are Karthika, Tiger Shikakai and Samrat. Due to Meera’s premium product offering it sees a lot of traffic from premium shampoos like Sunsilk, Clinic Plus and Pantene as well. USP of the Brand: The brand benefit is on â€Å"Healthy hair for years† Target Audience: Female 18 to 35, SEC A, B,C Meera Shampoo The brand launched on June 2001 in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh markets. IT has healthy growth and is currently having 10% market share in AP as on August 2006. Competitors: The major competitors are Clinic Plus, Sunsilk and Pantene. USP: The brand is build on strong and heathy hair for years. Target audience: Female 18 to 35, SEC A, B,C Nyle SHampoo The brand was launched in 1993 in Tamil Nadu and reached market share of 8% in 1999 but has been declining since then. Nyle mainly sells in the north west and east and competes with Ayur, Vatika and SUnsilk shampoos. Target Audience: Female 18 to 35, SEC A, B,C Brand Proposition: Naturally nourishes and moisturizes for soft and shiny hair. Spinz Deo: Brand History Spinz deo comes with long lasting international fragrances sourced from the finest perfumery houses across the world. Consumer Profile: Female 15 to 28 years old. Female, Sec A and B users of Deodrants Urban and mostly college goers, women constantly on the move. Brand Ambassador Actress Genelia D’Souza ( an actress in Bollywood and Kollywood) Competitors The unorganized sector is as big as the organized one. The big players in organsied markets are Rexona, Axe, Eva, Fa, Denim, Nive and Dove. The unorganized sector consists of a lot of brands. Communication lines: â€Å"Enjoy Life nonstop† Spinz Talc Brand History The brand was launched in July 1999 in Andhra Pradesh and later in Tamil Nadu during late 1999. The brand has a good presence in Indian markets. It was relaunched later in 2002 and during this period the brand was extended across India. The brand again was relaunched in Feb 2004 for the second time with packaging upgradation and new theme commercial based on enjoyment platform. Target Audience: Female users of talc powder. In the age gropu of 15 to 35 years. Sec A and B Tex Tex is a brand in the segment of toilet cleaner product and was launched in the November 2005 in Tamil Nadu and achieved 10% market share within 3 months of its launch. Competitors: Harpic is the biggest competitor of the brand. Target audience: Housewives 25 to 45 Sec A B C Food related brands. Ruchi Pickles: The product concentrates on vegetarian pickes of ginger, mango, amla, garlic, etc. Consumer Profile: Unisex- Pickles are both consumer under male and female It is primarily consumed by people of age group 25- 50 years. Present in both urban and semi urban. Competitors: The major players are Mothers Recipe, Priya, MTR, Bedekars etc Chinni Masalas Product Variants- Turmeric powder, sambhar powder, chicken masala etc. Consumer Profile: Women in the age group 20 to 45. Present in both urban and semi urban Competitors: Various majors in South India such as Shakti Masala, Aachi Masala and MTR. In North Everest, Badshah and MDH. Chinni’s Pickles: Product: Vegetarian Pickles Variants: Lime, Mango, Tomato garlic in convenient sachets. Consumer Profiles: Unisex- pickles for both male and females. Primarily consumed in the age group of 15 to 50 years Present in Urban and Semi urban and Rural areas. Competitors: Low priced Pickle market is highly fragmented market with influence changing from district to district. Major players are Pandiyan, Kala, Selvan and Ravis. Chinnis Vermicili: Variants: Regular, Payasam Consumer Profile: Unisex, present in both urban and semi urban. Competitors: Bambina, MTR, True and Savourite. Chapter 4: Research Methodology 4:1 Source Method of data collection: For the purpose of this study, the research tool of the questionnaire was prepared to collect the relevant primary data pertaining to the customers buying behavior or general perceptions towards Ultra Heated Milk (UHT). The data collected was based on the random sampling of both UHT milk users and non UHT milk users. Besides, primary data was collected with the help of the questionnaire, the information was also collected through books, magazines, internet and newspapers. 4:2 Methods of data collection: The Primary Data Collection Method such as: * Survey Method * In-depth Interview Survey Method: In this method requisite information is collected through a questionnaire. To collect the information for this project we conducted with help of stratums. In-depth Interview: In this method the views of the customers were gathered on the basis of the questionnaire that was prepared on the feedback collected from the study. The Secondary Data collection method such as: * Magazines * Internet * Research by other players * Online research data * Reference Work 4:3 Sample Design: Sampling Plan: For the purpose of the survey, the information was gathered from various customers of both UHT users and Non users of UHT milk. Sampling Size: Survey Method: Questionnaire = 50 respondents The respondents were segmented into stratums such as:- * House wife * Bachelors * Local Working couples * Local DINKS â€Å"double income no kids† Expats * Students In-depth Interview = 4 respondents Selection of Sampling Unit: Non- probability, convenience sampling Sampling Media: Questionnaire and Personal interview Chapter 5: Data Presentations, Analysis and Interpretation. Table 1 : Comparitive Study of Major Players Brands | Products | Tetra Pack Size | Price | Shelf-Life | Nestle | Nestle Slim | 1 liter Packs | Rs 42 per liter | 120 days | | Nestle Nautral | 1 liter Packs | Rs 40 per liter | 120 days | Amul | Amul Taaza Double Toned Milk | 1 liter, 500 ml | Rs 36 per liter | 180 days | | Amul Lite Slim and Trim Milk | 1 liter, 500 ml, 200 ml | Rs 16 per 200ml | 180 days | Britania | Britannia Milk | 1 liter Pack | Rs. 40 | 120 days | | Slimz Milk | 1 liter pack | Rs 40 | 120 days | Aavin | Standardised Homogenious | 1liter, 500ml | Rs. 39 | 120 days | | Tetra Fino ( Delite) | 500ml | Rs. 18 | 60 days | Nandini | Good life | 500ml | Rs. 17 | 120days | Heritage Foods | Slim Milk | 1 liter | Rs. 38 | 120 days | New players in the markets are Mother Diary Vijaya, available only in Karnataka A. P Table Objective: To study the various SKU’s offered by the various players in the Tamil Nadu market for UHT milk. Table Interpretation: Although the market is niche, there are 6 players in the market who offer various SKU’s to the consumers. And likely there is a very probability for players who o.

Nestle Report Essay Example for Free

Nestle Report Essay INTRODUCTION OF NESTLE: Nestle is the leading FMCG company of Switzerland established by Henri Nestle. Nestle is serving worldwide with its more than 500 factories in 86 countries comprising almost all continents. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s product portfolio is more than 500 products all over the world serving best to their customers. Henri Nestlà © endowed his company with the symbol derived from his name. His family coat of arms, the nest with a mother bird protecting her young, became the Companys logo and a symbol of the Companys care and attitude to life-long nutrition. The Nestlà © nest represents the nourishment, security and sense of family that are so essential to life. The first product made by Henri Nestlà ©, a food for babies who were unable to breastfeed. His first success was a premature infant who could not tolerate his mothers milk or any of the usual substitutes. People quickly recognized the value of the new product, after Nestlà ©s new formula saved the childs life, and soon, Farine Lactà ©e Henri Nestlà © was being sold in much of Europe. Nestlà © has been serving Pakistani consumers since 1988, when the parent company, the Switzerland-based Nestlà © SA, first acquired a share in Milkpak Ltd. NESTLE BRANDS: Quality is an essential ingredient in all the Nestlà © brands and Nestlà © brands maintain nutritional balance in a fast pace world, that is why people around the globe choose. The detail of the Nestlà © brand is as follows: * Baby foods (Nestlà © Cerelac, NAN) * Breakfast cereals (Nestlà © Cereals) * Dairy products (Milkpak, NIDO, Nespray, Nestlà © Yogurts, Everyday) * Ice-creams (Movenpick, Dreyer’s) * Chocolate confectionary (Kit Kat, Smarties, Toffo) * Beverages (Nescafe, Milo, Nestlà © juices) * Food service (Nestlà © Jumbo Bottle) * Prepared foods (Maggi, Powered Soups) * Bottled water ( Nestlà © Pure Life, Nestlà © Aquarral) * Pet care (Pro Plan, Purine, ONE, Fancy feast, Dog Chow, Cat Chow, Felix, Alpo) * Pharmaceuticals (Ophthalmic drugs, lens-care solutions optical surgical Instruments) * Nesquick and Nesvita pro bones BRANDS. * NESTLE VISION. The consumers voice is the key to Nestlà © Pakistans vision and working. Whether you live in the remotest village or the city of Karachi, Nestle consumer services team stands ready to listen to your concerns and provide  answers about our products and guidance on matters of health and wellness. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s global vision is to be the leading health, wellness, and Nutrition Company of the world. Nestle’ Pakistan subscribes fully to this global vision. In addition to that, Nestle Pakistan also envisions to: * Lead a dynamic motivated and professional workforce that is proud of its heritage and bullish about the future. * Meet the nutritional needs of all age groups through a diversified product range that contains an innovative portfolio of branded food and beverages of the highest quality. * Maintain long-term growth and deliver shareholder value. * Establishing responsible communication with the consumer, which in turn can provide us a better look into what changes need to be made to our products. * Strengthen the position as the best career destination for talented and motivated individuals. * NESTLE MISSION. â€Å"Nestle is dedicated to providing the best foods to people throughout their day, throughout their lives, throughout the world. With our unique experience of anticipating consumers needs and creating solutions, Nestle contributes to your well-being and enhances your quality of life.†(3) * NESTLE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES. Nestle business objective is to manufacture and market the Companys products in such a way as to create value that can be sustained over the long term for shareholders, employees, consumers, and business partners. Nestle recognizes that its consumers have a sincere and legitimate interest in the behavior, beliefs, and actions of the Company behind brands in which they place their trust and that without its consumers the Company would not exist. Nestle continues to maintain its commitment to follow and respect all applicable local laws in each of its markets. At the entrance of this new millennium, Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s objective Is to consolidate and strengthen its leading position at the cutting edge of innovation in the food area in order to meet the needs and desires of customers around the world, for pleasure, convenience, health and well being. * NESTLE TODAY. Nestle is now the worlds largest food company. It is present on all five  continents, has an annual turnover of 74.7 billion Swiss francs, runs 509 factories in 83 countries and employs about 231,000 people the world over. The Company owes its current status to the pioneering spirit inherited from its founders which continues to inspire it, to its concern with quality and to its constant search for new ways of satisfying mans nutritional needs. Wherever possible, it sets up factories locally, employs personnel from the country concerned and relies on indigenous raw materials. Its agricultural services provide assistance to improve the quality and yield of the raw materials it uses. Much attention is devoted to professional training and to the integration of the Company in its economic and social environment. HRM AT NESTLE. HR Policy * Joining Nestlà © The long-term success of the Company depends on its capacity to attract, retain and develop employees able to ensure its growth on a continuing basis. This is a primary responsibility for all managers. The Nestlà © policy is to hire staff with personal attitudes and professional skills enabling them to develop a long-term relationship with the Company. Therefore, the potential for professional development is an essential standard for recruitment. Each new member joining Nestlà © is to become a participant in developing a sustainable quality culture, which implies a commitment to the organization and a sense for continuous improvement leaving no room for complacency. Therefore, and in view of the importance of these Nestlà © values, special attention will be paid to the matching between a candidates values and the Company culture. * Culture Nestle culture consist of values, norms, and understandings within its working environment Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s culture is Achievement culture because its statement shows that Nestle has a clear vision for its purpose and goals. As they have set some standards and goals to meet in future (100 Million company in 2014) * Management style Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s has a narrow span of control and high departmentalization formulation is very high so their management style is bureaucratic but participation is also appreciated .as they have also C.I department that recognize the idea and thoughts by employees PROJECT REPORT. Q: 1 What is the criterion of selection in your organization? Ans: Following are the criterion of selection in our organization: * He should be well granted personality. * Good internships * Good curriculum projects * GPA does not matter if the person’s basic concepts are clear about his major subjects. * One should friendly and have mobility factor to adjust in culture of our organization that is specific. * Confidence level should be high. * One should sincere and loyal. Q: 2 Do you prefer written tests? Ans: No, we do not take any type of written tests. Q: 3 Do institutions influence? Ans: 3,4 years ago institutions influence the selection of the candidate but now the selection totally depends on person’s abilities , institution does not matter at all. Q: 4 Do you hire employees which are having good G.PA? Ans: GPA does not matter if the person’s basic concepts are clear about his major subjects. Q: 5 What is the portion of personality assessment and technical assessment in your interview and tests? Ans: Well, it depends on job. For management job the portion of personality assessment is 60 % and technical assessment  is 40 % while for engineers the portion of technical assessment is more than personality assessment. Q: 6 Do you prefer I.Q or E.Q? State the reason. Ans: They prefer E.Q over I.Q because an emotionally intelligent person is emotionally more stable and can adjust in nestle culture he can show high growth in a very short time period and we want such candidates. Q: 7 How one should introduce oneself? Ans: First, you should tell your strengths and then weakness. Also tell about your some unique ability that differs you from others e.g. basketball player, a good swimmer etc. Q: 8 Do you prefer panel interview or individual interview? State the reason. Ans: Mostly panel interview is preferable but sometimes-individual interview is also taken when others are busy. Q: 9 Do physical appearance matter during interview? Ans: Physical appearances do not matter at all. They consider the person is all abilities. Q: 10 Do you prefer experienced graduates to non-experienced graduates? Ans: It depends on the particular job. At primary level, they do not need experienced ones but at higher level, they want experienced ones. Q: 11 While hiring does you prefer boys over girls? Ans: When in an interview both boy and girl are at same level they prefer girl over boy, to maintain gender balance because in nestle the percentage of girls are only 4%. Q: 12 What are the things that attracted employees to work for this organization? Ans: Following are the incentives to attract candidates: * Growth * International organization * If a candidate is consistently working well they send him to other countries. * Diversity * Flexibility for family * Female friendly * Environment is good * Nestle is a big name Q: 13 Are majority of Pakistani candidates worthy or not with the perspective of personality of communication skills? State the reason. Ans: Yes, communication skills hold a very important position specially in the field of marketing. Their total weightage is 60 %. Q: 15 While hiring you prefer references or merit for the selection of the candidates? Ans: They prefer merit for selection but if the candidate with reference is more capable then we will hire the latter one. Q: 16 while hiring do you discriminate between a religious or a modern personality? Ans: No, nestle do not discriminate between a religious and a modern personality. They still have women working with veil and men with beard. Q: 17 do you prefer an English-speaking candidate or Urdu speaking candidate? Ans: We don’t give preference to any specific language , what matters is the confidence and how well a person communicate with others. However if the person can speak multiple languages it gives a good impression. Q: 18 do family background, caste, color or creed matters? Ans: No , caste, color or creed does not matter at all but as far as family background is concern we ask, to know whether a person has mobility factor or not, whether he can go to our other branches in different cities or not. Q: 19 What advice you suggest us for our personality grooming? Ans: Following are the suggestions: * Should have knowledge about the current affairs. * Should take part in extracurricular activities that will show that he is hardworking that he participates in extracurricular activities while maintaining the good G.P.A. * Basic concepts should be clear. Q: 20 What do you see while firing a staff member? Ans: Firing a person is more difficult task. Nestle fired an employee due to miss management in matter of corruption or when he does anything illegal. Q: 21 Any interesting interview you want to share with us? Ans: She shared an interesting interview with us that a girl who had applied for the job came to us. She had a clear and focused aim of what she wants to be in future. Q: 22 What are the basic points which you observe during interview? Ans: Following are the basic points: * C.V should be impressive and influencing one. One should not use the C.V of others, such that it should not get lost in the crowd. * Introduce yourself: first strengths and then weakness. * Do homework about organization. * Confidence level. * Basic concepts should be clear. * 5 years plan. * Should have knowledge about the current affairs. Q: 23 Any tip for giving a good interview? Ans: Following are the tips: * High confidence level but not over confident. * One should be comfortable to oneself and should know oneself very well. * One should know his subject and should have a firm grasp on the subject. * Basic concepts should be clear. * One should be friendly, humility and behave well to others. * Should take part in extracurricular activities that will show that he is hardworking that he participates in extracurricular activities while maintaining the good G.P.A. * Dressing should be formal. Conclusion: we have gone through all the different procedures and management activities  of nestle .we apply all our knowledge and studies in the research of management activities of nestle, this was a great practical experience for us that will help us in practical life as well and the project will help us in practical life as well and the project will help us to know the management of an organization.

Determining Avogadro’s Constant and Faraday’s Constant

Determining Avogadro’s Constant and Faraday’s Constant List of Apparatus Name of Apparatus Quantity Uncertainty Electronic Stopwatch 1  ±0.2s Ammeter 1  ±0.01A Wires with crocodile clips 1 D.C power source 1  ±0.01V 300cm3 Beaker 3 Copper strips 2 Sand paper 1 Graphite rod 2 pH probe/data-logger 1  ±0.2 Electronic weighing balance 1  ±0.001 DATA COLLECTION: The electrolytic cell used in this investigation is illustrated in Fig 1: Fig 1 Diagram of electrolytic cell used in investigation In this investigation, a current is passed through the solution with copper as the cathode and graphite as the anode. After a set amount of time, the circuit is disconnected and the mass of the cathode is measured. Following which, calculations are made so as to determine the Avogadro’s and Faraday’s constant. Qualitative Observations When the D.C power source was turned on, bubbles were formed at the Graphite anode. As the reaction progresses, powdery substance gets suspended in the solution and a black solid deposits can be found at the bottom of the beaker and there is a visible decomposition of the graphite electrode. As the reaction progress, a pink layer of copper forms on the copper strip. The copper strip is originally brown in colour while the graphite electrode is black in colour. Eventually, as the graphite electrode decomposes, the graphite molecules will turn the copper (II) sulphate solution from blue to black in colour. However, when the copper sulfate solution is filtered, it is noted that there is a decrease in the intensity of the blue colour in the filtrate after the electrolysis. The initial pH of the solution is 2.75, after the electrolysis is carried out, the pH decreases to 2.10. Data Collection Constant variables Time Interval/s( ±0.2) 300 Voltage/V 4V Current/A( ±0.01) 0.25 Cathode Trial 1 Initial mass/g ( ± 0.001 g) 1.315 Final mass/g ( ± 0.001 g) 1.279 Change in mass/g ( ± 0.002 g) 0.036 Chemical equation for reaction at the anode: 2H2O (l) à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚  O2 (g) + 4H+ + 4e (aq) Chemical equation for reaction at the cathode: Cu2+ (aq) + 2e à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Cu (s) Calculations for cathode Calculations Error Propagation Change in mass(Cu) = 0.036g Mols of (Cu) = =5.7 x 10-4 mol Number of mol of electrons- Using mol ratio Cu2+ (aq) + 2e à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Cu (s) Number of mol of electrons =11.4 x 10-4 Charge flowing through circuit Number of electron charges in circut= Where is the elementary charge, the charge of one electron Number of electron charges in circuit = Number of mol of electrons Where L is the Avagandro’s constant Equating the number of mols of electrons obtained form the copper mass data and the number of mol of electrons from the current- Faraday’s constant = = 67000 C % ±ÃŽâ€ Mol of Cu = % ±ÃŽâ€ Mol of Cu = = 5.6 % % Uncertainty of number of mol of electrons = % uncertainty of Mass(Cu) =5.6% % uncertainty of number of mol of electrons =5.6% % ±ÃŽâ€ charge flowing in circuit = Percentage error Percentage error for Faraday’s Constant = = = 30% Percentage uncertainty of faraday’s constant =5.9% Percentage systematic error in Faradays’ constant =%error-%random error = 24.1% Percentage error for Avogadro’s Constant = = 30% Percentage uncertainty of Avogadro’s Constant =5.9% Percentage systematic error in Avogadro’s Constant =%error-%random error = 24.1% Conclusion In conclusion, the calculated value of Faraday’s constant is mol-1 and Avogadro’s constant is. As seen above, the percentage error for both Faraday’s constant and Avogadro’s constant are both 30% and after subtracting the error due to instrumental uncertainty, the % systematic error obtained is 24.1%. This shows that the experimental values calculated differ greatly from the literature values, indicating that there has been a significant amount of systematic error, which has caused the calculated value to be much different from the literature value. As percentage error of both Faraday’s constant and Avogadro’s constant are much larger than their respective percentage uncertainties, this indicates that the sources of systematic error are significant and cannot be ignored Evaluation Type of error Limitation Improvement Systematic Oxidation of copper occurs naturally when the copper strip is exposed to oxygen and when it is heated in the oven. Even when sand paper is used to scratch off the layer of copper oxide on the surface of the, it is difficult to completely rid of all the copper oxide. The formation of copper oxide will affect the reaction when electrolysis occurs and will affect the change in mass of the copper electrode, which is the dependent variable in this experiment. Even when the copper strip is immersed in the copper (II) sulphate solution, after a period of time, it will eventually start to form a layer of copper (II) oxide which will not be involved in the electrolysis reaction. This will reduce the amount of copper which will undergo reaction, causing it to reduce the eventual calculated Faraday’s and Avogadro’s constant. It is impossible to prevent the oxidation of copper from happening however, this systematic error can be minimised. Other than ensuring that the layer of copper oxide is scratched off by rubbing the copper strip excessively with sandpaper. The time for which the copper stays in the oven can be minimised or hair dryer can be used instead to blow the water off. Systematic When the graphite electrode starts to disintegrates as the reaction progresses, fragments of graphite will be dispersed throughout the entire solution. As copper (II) ions move towards the copper strip to plate it, some of the graphite fragments may end up attached to the copper strip as well and are unable to fall off as a layer of copper plates over the graphite fragments. This can be observed in the experiment when the copper strip is removed at the end of the experiment; black fragments of graphite are observed on the copper strip. The graphite fragments would easily reach the copper strip mainly because they were quite near each other. Hence, the graphite fragments could easily move towards the copper strips and attach to them. In order to minimise this from happening, the experiment should be conducting in a 500cm3 beaker, with the copper strip and the graphite electrode held further away from each other. Also, the graphite electrode should be positioned below the copper strip so that as the graphite electrode disintegrates, the graphite fragments will simply sink towards the bottom of the beaker, hence it will be less likely for the graphite fragments to accidentally coat onto the copper electrode Systematic Fluctuations in the current. Whenever the 2 electrodes were moved, the current of the circuit changes. Hence, whenever the copper electrode was moved in order to be weighed, the current would fluctuate, resulting in an inconsistent current throughout the experiment. If the current deviates from the stated 0.25, the resulting Faraday’s constant and Avogadro’s constant will be affected as well. An increase in current will result in an increase in the Faraday’s constant and Avogadro’s constant calculated while a decrease in current will result in a decrease in the Faraday’s constant and Avogadro’s constant calculated. In order to prevent fluctuations in the current as a result of the shifting electrodes, a retort stand can be used to hold the electrodes in place and prevent them from moving. This is much more reliable than just using hands to hold the electrode, resulting in a reduction in the fluctuation of the current A rheostat can be used and included in the circuit in order to adjust the amount of resistance of the circuit so that the desired current can be achieved. As current is inversely proportionate to resistance according to Ohm’s law, the resistance of the circuit can be adjusted in order to ensure a consistent current of 0.3 throughout the experiment. Systematic Also, another source of systematic error in this experiment would come from the fact that, the reading on the ammeter does not indicate the actual electric current flowing through the electrodes and the electrolyte as this value may decrease due to power losses in the wires. That is the electrical energy would be converted to heat. However the resistance of the wires in the circuit was assumed to be negligible in this experiment for simplicity. This would lead to systematic error as we would consistently overestimate the magnitude of the current flowing through the electrolyte. This error can be avoided if the values of the resistance of the wires as well as the internal resistance of the power source were known and included in the calculations made. Systematic The copper electrode may undergo a process called passivation[1] where the metal forms a protective layer on its surface to protect it from outer factors such as water or air to prevent corrosion. Such a protective layer will result in a high resistance which will lead to a voltage delay. This process may also occur on the graphite electrode. During the reaction, in the presence of passivation, the initial rate of the increase in mass of the copper electrode will be slowed down; ultimately affecting the total gain in mass by the copper electrode, affecting the Faraday’s constant and Avogadro’s constant calculated. This process of passivation can be removed by allowing the reaction to progress for 5 minutes to avoid a voltage delay. 5 minutes was chosen because too short a time will be insufficient to remove the protective layer on the electrode and too long a time will result in the disintegration of the graphite electrode even before the collection of data has begun. As mentioned above, if there is too much graphite fragments in the copper (II) sulphate solution, they may come into contact with the copper electrode and affect its final mass as copper ions plate over the graphite fragments on the copper electrode. Random Error Due to time constrains, only one set of data was collected. This will result in the fluctuation of the value of the Faraday’s and Avogadro’s constant. In order to reduce the error, perhaps more sets of data can be collected, so that a graph of metal deposited against time can be plotted and the gradient will enable the determination of the two constants. [1] Metal passivation-en.w,wikepedia.org/Passivation_(Chemistry). Accessed- 26/2/2014)

International Tribunal Courts, Truth Commissions, and Reparations Commi

I. Introduction No one can possibly deny or ignore the overwhelming amount of mass atrocities that took place during the twentieth century. From the â€Å"Great Purge† orchestrated by Stalin in the former Soviet Union to the Holocaust of World War II led by the Nazis, South Africa’s apartheid, Argentina’s â€Å"Dirty War†, and the tactics of terror, repression, and torture used by many military regimes, not to mention Rwanda’s Genocide (Minow, 1998, p. 1). More surprisingly, these unspeakable and horrifying events took place during the past century. However, such unforgettable atrocities helped to raise consciousness among the international community, which led to the formation of needed international norms to protect, avoid, and prevent similar atrocities from ever happening again. In addition, several mechanisms were developed by the international community with the finality to repair, reconcile, and prosecute perpetrators. Such mechanisms include International Tribunals, Truth Commissions, Reparations, among others (Minow, 1998). But, how successful have these mechanisms been at achieving such intended goals? Professor Minow provides a compelling answer to this question in her book titled â€Å"Between Vengeance and Forgiveness†. Minow explores the formal responses of some nations to mass atrocities and argues that the acknowledgment of past event is of vital importance in the process of forgiveness, reconciliation, and reconstruction of a society as whole. In addition to that, she notes the importance of Truth Commission, International Tribunals, and Reparations for past damages. Nevertheless, she recognizes that such mechanisms have limitations that might, in some cases, hinder a nation’s healing process. Thus, the author concludes that ... ...logical change. However, such reconciliation cannot emerge without a truthful acknowledgement of past events that permit victims to get closure as well as a shared vision of the future. Additionally, the reconciliation and the healing process of a society entail forgiveness that can only be granted by the victim himself. But what if a society is not ready to forgive or let go of the past? The unwillingness of a society as a whole to forgive hinders the process of reconciliation. In the absence of this willingness to forgive, truth commission could become compromised, reluctant, or simply turned into merely platforms to criticize old regimes. Chile, Uganda, and Chad are some examples where truth commissions were less effective in achieving their intended purpose of reconciliation due to the unwillingness of the society to forgive past actions (Avruch, 2010, p.35).

Compare the two poems, Presents from my aunts in Pakistan and Essay exa

Compare the two poems, Presents from my aunts in Pakistan and Search for my tongue. Both poems shows people thinking about their roots and how each poem conveys their thoughts and feelings. In this essay I will be evaluating two poems from different cultures and traditions. Both poems 'Search for my tongue' and 'presents from my aunts in Pakistan' are about true identity and searching for your roots. 'Presents from my aunts in Pakistan' is mainly about a girl who is of mixed race and how she describes the gifts of clothes and jewellery sent to her in England by her Pakistani relatives. There is no rhyme scheme and the poem is written in free verse. Free verse simply means that the phrases are arranged loosely across the page. It is divided into stanzas of varying length. The girl contrasts the beautiful clothes and jewellery of India with English clothing. She describes how it feels like wearing the 'salwar kameez' and how she longed for denim and corduroy. She's drawn to the loveliness of the gifts but feels awkward wearing them because she is more comfortable in English clothes. The poem is full of associated, sometimes contrasting images. An example of a contrasting image is ' of no fixed nationality staring through fretwork in the Shalimar gardens.' Fretwork is basically decorative carving and the Shalimar gardens is an ornamental ark in Lahore, her hometown. The girl describes how life in England differs from life in Pakistan. She talks about the salwar kameez as 'alien' but wanting cardigans from Marks and Spencer's. The way the women live is somewhat different from that of England. For example her aunts were in shaded rooms, screened from male visitors whereas the women in England go o... ... left with. The speaker imagines herself there in Lahore - somewhere she has been only in her thoughts. However she is of no fixed nationality. This sounds a slightly threatening phrase. After thoroughly reading the poems, I have arrived at two main conclusions. Firstly it is important to know where one comes from, which is perhaps what the girl in the poem was lacking as a child and it is also important to know what has gone into one's making, even quite far back, I think it gives you a sense perhaps of richness. Secondly it is sometimes very difficult knowing two languages but having to neglect the one that belongs to you. One's mother tongue is an important link to your family and your childhood. Last but not least I agree deeply with the statement and I quote ' that's the deepest layer of my identity' which was said by Sujati Bhatt, the writer.

Ambiguous language Essay

Ambiguous language is often a cause for concern when employment contracts are involved, and this is clearly the situation outlined in â€Å"Case Study 9-1: Contract Interpretation. † 1. The most important point were I arbitrator, would be the intent of the Company regarding the involved provision. â€Å"The company stated that the double-time provision was added to the contract as a means of combating absenteeism during the week† (Carrell, M. , & Heavrin, C. J. D. , 2006, p. 445). Based on this statement, it is clear that the purpose of the provision focused on an employee’s being gone for the day, not late for the shift. (One must concede that the terms â€Å"tardy† and â€Å"absent† certainly have different meanings, and by the Company’s own admission, the involved provision focused on â€Å"absenteeism. †) Although failing to arrive on time is a form of absenteeism, it is a temporary, short-lived event, and in this case, was clearly unintentional and out of the employee’s control. Under the outlined circumstances, the grievant’s being 10 minutes late simply does not equate to his being absent. 2. Regardless of the arbitrator’s decision, no â€Å"effect† would be given to the bargain. The Case Study states, â€Å"there had been previous grievances on the same issue, but those arbitration awards were inconsistent† (p. 445). Therefore, a case-by-case analysis seems to be the rule. I do believe that denying the over-time would be dangerous to the long-term relations between the Company and the Union as it is obvious that the two sides clearly disagree on the meaning of this particular issue. Given the Union’s (i. e. the employee’s) position is that â€Å"reasonable tardiness† would be overlooked, a denial could result in walk-outs and/or strikes (p. 445). 3. Although the contract language is clear, an arbitrator should be involved because neither party agrees about the interpretation, the intent, or the common practice applied to the involved provision of the collective bargaining agreement. The Case Study states that â€Å"a meeting of the minds† was out of the question as the Union and the Company disagreed about what was contained in the collective bargaining agreement (p. 445). The difficulty seems to stem, in part, from â€Å"the parties [having] a different understanding during the negotiation process from the company’s current interpretation of the double-time section of the contract† (p. 445). The Union stated, â€Å"the company’s negotiator had agreed not to count reasonable tardiness against the double-time provision but had refused to change the language used in the contract† however, â€Å"the company’s negotiator [. . . ] stated that the very purpose of the double-time section was to allow for double-time pay only if there was no absenteeism in the previous week† (p. 445). The negotiator did recall a statement regarding â€Å"reasonable application,† but stated that it â€Å"was in response to a maintenance worker on the negotiating committee† and the negotiator recalled â€Å"in that situation, he would agree to apply a reasonable standard to maintenance workers for Sunday double-time following a tardiness on Saturday† due to the difference in weekend scheduling for the â€Å"25 maintenance workers† (p. 445). Neither version rings completely true: it seems unlikely that the Union would allow the Company to concede a point and then agree that no change be made to the language—a union simply has no reason to settle for a verbal agreement when a contract negotiation is underway. On the other hand, the negotiator recalls something along the lines of what the Union recalled being said, but the negotiator applies that statement to a special situation involving only the maintenance workers. Looking solely at this case, it is obvious that the employee neither intended nor could control the event that caused his tardiness. It might further be argued that arriving only 10 minutes late under the circumstances (i. e. being a passenger in a vehicle that sustained a flat tire), indicates a likelihood that had the flat not occurred, the grievant actually would have arrived to work early. Looking at this employee’s past record of tardiness (or lack thereof) might reveal the truth of his intentions that day. Given the facts presented and the difficulties raised, it is apparent that the contract language is ambiguous, and to avoid further/future confusion, frustration, and arbitration, an amendment and/or clarification to the contract language should be added during the next bargaining session, if not sooner. Reference Carrell, M. , & Heavrin, C. J. D. (2006). Case Study 9-1: Contract Interpretation. Labor relations an collective bargaining: Cases, practice, and law (8th ed. ). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. 445.

Law and Society Essay

They had virtually no voice. Men were only expected to provide their wife with the necessities of life, and to protect her. This system or way of functioning was called â€Å"covert†. Women were expected to provide a welcoming home and a carefree environment for their husbands, when they returned from a â€Å"long hard day of laboring work. † Laws that were put into place in the early 1 9th century stated that married women were completely under the control of their husbands, much like a slave was under the control of his master.There was a hero that â€Å"If the man killed his wife, it is not really his fault, she must have done something wrong, but if a woman killed her husband, she is punished with an equal fate as it is a capital crime to â€Å"bite the hand that feeds you†. † Although some marriages were fine and worked out to the advantages if both partners, troublesome marriages were the issue. When a wife disagreed with her husband, she did not rea lly have any grounds on which to protect herself.Although assault was a crime under the law, the government barely enforced t when it came to domestic cases. Also, women were not allowed to really have any of their own money. The luxuries that they could enjoy were limited and under the complete control of what their husband would allow and pay for. If the two tried to divorce, she would be left with nothing and him with a fortune. Women's rights were stripped from her when she married. As Elizabeth Caddy Stanton said, â€Å"As a teacher of theology, medicine, or law, she is not known.He has denied her the facilities for obtaining a thorough education, all colleges being closed against her. † This quote represents how women were treated very similarly to inferior beings, much like slaves were, except with less cruelty. They were seen as not worthy of education. Quite frankly, as a feminist, I believe that men were afraid that women would overcome their abilities and surpass t hem in wealth and success. Women began to fight and stand up for themselves by educating themselves in the law and trying to find loopholes in it.One example of this was Harriet Douglas and Henry Kruger. Harriet loved Henry, but only agreed o marry him when she put him under the restrictions that the wife would usually be put under. Although their marriage did not work out, and Harriet still lost half of her property when they separated, she still set a standard and began a revolution for women's rights. Stanton pronounced her â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments† at the first women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York. She proposed twelve resolutions to a series of wrongs, and all twelve passed.Also, states began passing the Married Women's Property Act gave omen the ownership of the property they owned before their marriage. Following that act was the Earnings Act, which gave women the right to keep their income and wages from their job. Although women's rights saw many optimistic reforms in the late 1 9th century, there was still much to be done for equality. Women were still restricted in many ways, but they had taken an important step towards their goal. These reforms would take many, many years to come about, but their achievements thus far were phenomenal and had a big impact on the culture of America.

KFC Exploring Strategy Essay

Summary You are introduced to KFC organization. A fast-food chain restaurant comes from North Corbin, Kentucky that featuring fried chicken. KFC is recognized as the best fried chicken with its original 11 herbs recipes and produce most fried chicken to the world. What makes KFC still remain strongly while other companies are struggling to find a spot in the market? To answer this question, you will be finding out KFC strategic profile, vision, mission and values that is created and brought towards customers. Understanding the company strategic development and how the Corporate and Business level create and develop strategies and knowing what your competitors are doing. We will acknowledge about its customers perception, innovation and international strategy. What has KFC been doing to innovate its staffs, how innovation is created, what changes the companies has made and how did it result. The strategy analysis and main focus on home country – competitive advantage developed from hom e country. At the end of this report, you will be able to perceive the organization values in order to create competitive advantages that make the business sustainable in the presence and future. 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background KFC (originally known as Kentucky Fried Chicken) a subsidiary of Yam! Brands. Together with Taco Bell, Long John Silver’s and Pizza Hut they are forming the world’s largest restaurant system with more than 32,500 outlets in 118 countries worldwide. KFC was founded by an entrepreneur named Harland Sanders in North Corbin, Kentucky, 1930. He started by selling fried chicken at his roadside restaurant during The Great Depression and discovered the potential of fast-food restaurant franchising concepts. Since then he expanded his first franchise market in Utah and foreseen a rapid successful business. 1.1.1 Company Vision/Mission/Objective The company’s vision statement is to be â€Å"To be the leading integrated food services group in the ASEAN region delivering consistent quality products and excellent customer-focused service†. Its purpose is to bring people from all religions, ages and backgrounds together to enjoy good food, ‘proper food at reasonable prices’ KFC mission is about reasons to â€Å"Celebrate their achievements of others and have funs doing it† by customers focus and belief in people. â€Å"Recognition is everybody’s responsibilities† (Adonis Chapel, 2008) In achieving its vision and mission KFC plans to offer a healthy menu to customers. Providing customers with their best and making customers with smile every time they eat at KFC in order to make repeated and potential customers. On the other hands, all associates need to be trained to be customers maniacs. KFC has invented some options for healthier choices to meet different types of customers and expectation. They still continue to expand their business to get more customers purchasing their food 1.1.2 SWOT (www.business-docs.co.uk/documents/swot-analysis-template) Below table is SWOT analysis of KFC in 2013 Strengths KFC has earned the second largest sales in 2013 among those fast-food restaurants Secret homemade 11 herbs recipes First western food style to establish in China Subsidiary of the second largest fast-food in the world together with of KFC, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell Offering the most original and the advantage of market leader among restaurants offering chickens as their primary menu Weaknesses Too many anonymous suppliers that caused the excessive antibiotics in used chicken Experience high employee turnover as they always short of long term staffs Unhealthy menu, most of items are deep fried Not focusing on advertisement campaign Negative publicity Weak in marketing effects Opportunities Innovation on healthy menu in order to target different type of customers Providing customers’ needs by offering 24hour services, drive through and home delivery Expending on the variety of food choices, not only chicken Potential growth in Asian countries such as Vietnam, Malaysia and Philippines Threats Lawsuits against the company for its unsafe chicken Consumers are more concerned about their health and tend to reduce on fast and oily food Ups and downs currency rates in different countries More people are following the trend of healthy eating 1.1.3 PESTEL (www.dineshbakshi.com/igcse-business-studies/external-environment/revision-notes/63-external-environment-factors) KFC combines three major elements PESTEL which are P- Political: KFC political analysis is their directive to run the restaurant. They use politics to solve the problem. Because the claim of excessive antibiotics in chicken. They made a loss in their profits. CEO of Yum Chinese operations apologized to the public for the mistake and did a makeover menu for China to revive its sales and image. S- Social: analysis which supports the operation’s progress. It may involve culture, values, norms, behaviour and belief of a particular country and they have social activities for the environment. Malaysia is a Muslim country. In order to understand and satisfy its people, KFC has cut off the other meat in their menu. 100% chicken used is Halal certificate. It is a way to respect a country’s religion and its people. T- Technological: the most important element in order to be competitive and follow up your competitors and trends. Without modern technology a company will collapse in the market. KFC was the first to introduce new baking system in their restaurant. Preparation process which involves cooking, frying and all other works are seen in front of customers. 1.2 Strategic Development How does KFC create and develop strategies (www.functionformulabusinessstrategy.blogspot.sg/2010/10/strategic-visioning.html) 1.2.1 Corporate Level Headquarters are located in Louisville, Kentucky. Working as a whole organization at the corporate level, its headquarters first made KFC as a basic model focusing on limited menu, low price meals and convenience. Chairman and CEO of Yum!, David C. Novak is in control of the operations. He makes most important decisions that will affect the whole organization. His key focus are 1) build leading brands across China in every significant category; 2) drive aggressive international expansion and build strong brands everywhere; 3) dramatically improve U.S. brand positions, consistency and returns; and 4) drive industry-leading, long-term shareholder and franchisee value (source: Taking people with you, David Novak, 2007) 1.2.2 Business Level In 1987 KFC was the first western restaurant to open in China; the brand has since grown rapidly throughout the island. KFC adapts its menu internationally to suit regional tastes, and there are over three hundred  KFC menu items worldwide. The company is now the largest restaurant chain in China. Sam Su is the chairman and CEO of Yum!’s Chinese operations. At the Business Level, the regional executive must have the understanding in the taste and culture of its country, to make some changes from the original menu that will satisfy the citizen but won’t affect the Corporate Level menu. Other than chicken, KFC in China is serving pork and skewers as well. Still keeping the original fried chicken but adding more items to interest customers and more various selections. Porridge is also being served because Chinese used to believe that eating a hot bowl of porridge in the morning is good for health and it is not too heavy. By inventing more items on the menu, Sam Su has on ly not targeted to the young people, but also people at different ages. Menu includes an average of 50 different menu items per store as he believes different people have different tastes. 1.2.3 BCG Besides fried chicken, KFC is also known for its delicious Zinger burger, which is at Star and the second best selling in store. Zinger burger is high for both market share and growth. Rice and Spice, newly invented item, high for market share but low growth. Twister is low for market share but high for market growth, certainly public acceptance. Arabian rice is low at both market share and growth. Today we hardly see it on the menu as it has recently removed. (www.download-reports.blogspot.sg/2011/09/new-product-development-at-kfc.html) 1.2.4 Porter’s 5 forces framework for KFC (www.hbr.org/2008/01/the-five-competitive-forces-that-shape-strategy/ar/1) Force 1: Power of Suppliers Suppliers are in control of providing KFC’s raw materials. Suppliers have the right to decide whether they still want to carry on contract with buyer. Any other buyers want to duplicate KFC menu they can just approach this supplier and offer a better price. If the supplier cut off the contract KFC will lose its market. Force 2: Power of Buyers KFC is in charge of making decision of which suppliers to get from. The amount of poultry used for KFC daily use is numerous. So suppliers must be able to supply the necessary amount without fail and ensuring that their raw materials are hygiene standard. Last year in China, KFC was having problem with its suppliers for the excessive antibiotics used in chicken. KFC immediately cut off more than 1,000 their suppliers after the scandal has affected the company’s image. Force 3: Threat of new Entrants New entrants are companies that recently enter in the same market and provide the same food. Radix Fried Chicken also specializes in fried chicken and has grabbed customers’ attention by switching their taste. Radix Fried Chicken was found in 2013 while KFC has started since 1930. Force 4: Threats of Substitute or Services Popeye’s is known for Louisiana kitchen. Their menu and taste are mostly similar to KFC. While KFC is specialised for its chicken Popeye’s also offer customer few seafood choices such as tempura and shrimp. They also invent biscuit and chicken mashed potato on their menu. Popeye’s is also offering free Wi-Fi. Force 5: Rivalry among existing competitors McDonald’s is KFC strongest competitors which also offering its menu items similar to KFC. Speed of service is extremely competitive and set meal price is mostly the same. McDonald’s has been offering its drive thru and 24hour services for years when KFC just recently tried out but only available in certain places. 2.0 Critical themes 2.1Customers (www.imeeta.wordpress.com/2012/04/27/business-strategy-bowmans-clock/) As evaluated, KFC is at position 3 which is Hybrid (moderate price and  moderate differentiation). Menu items offered like fried chickens, burgers, wings, drumsticks, side dishes, carbonated beverages and desserts are similar to other fast food restaurants such as McDonald’s, Popeye’s, and Burger King. Services are at tip stop speed comparing to other restaurants in the fast-food chain. KFC is always public acceptance and first option when they think of the phrase â€Å"fried chicken at an affordable price†. 2.2 Innovation In order to achieve a company’s success, staffs need to be encouraged. David C. Novak CEO and chairman of Yum! Brands, was recognized as one of the quick-serve industry’s Top 10 Most Innovative People on QRS Magazine. On his interview with â€Å"The CEO TV show- Interviewing American’s top CEO† he shared his learning while creating one of the most American products. He believed that people get excited about news and in the food business people love to try new things. The specific thing of what a CEO should do is extremely focus by looking and his own people and the way they do things. Driving innovation by getting out of the company and see what other people are doing. Listen to the voice of our customers, connect with them, and always reach for new innovations and excellence in everything they do He innovate his business by learning from his competitors in order to keep consistence. â€Å"Innovation by people’s inspiration† he said. David C. Novak devotes much of his time to personally train leadership skills for the company’s management staffs and franchisees, emphasizing teamwork and a belief in people that rewards and recognizes customer-focused behavior. In KFC there is no discrimination for old staffs. People after retirement can join KFC as a front clean-up staff. 2.3 International strategy KFC China’s global growth base on â€Å"go global, act local† by understanding the local culture, economic and regulatory differences becomes the key element to perform the business’s success. First KFC identified what the local like and dislike from customers’ feedback. Then they adapt the fast-food model to fit the local cuisine and culture. You won’t be able to find such thing called chicken with Sichuan spicy sauce, rice, egg tarts, and soybean milk on American menu. Chinese people use to in eat large group so KFC has  created larger value meal as well. They also hire local management staffs to take good care of customers and understand their way of local doing business well. The company also follows Chinese strict foreigner investment laws and in action with local producers. 3.0 Conclusion 3.1 Value KFC aims to achieve value by creating quality food at a reasonable price and convenient service. Making customer satisfaction as a priority and fulfill customer’s demands in order to meet their satisfaction. They have also developed value menu for kids and school children with lower prices, value meal and combo for large group of people to share instead of buying each person individually. Value is also created for royal staffs and who are rewarded with good customer services. 3.2 Competitive advantage KFC biggest competitive advantage is being the first fast-food restaurant chain to grow globally. They have gain popularity among years in the fast food chain featuring fried chicken. KFC is well-known for its homemade 11 herbs secret recipes and the leader market among those restaurants selling the same food. Secondly the company is in charge of setting the lowest price for others to follow. If any restaurant goes lower than that they will fail in the market share. 3.3 Sustainability For the last 84 years KFC has remained sustainable in the market. In 2016 KFC established the eco environment program by reducing the volume of water used and carbon footprint, encouraging energy efficiency and sensible material use. They have been working with Carbon Trust and to reduce their emissions. KFC is playing its part to reduce the environmental impact and protect our planet. 4.0 Recommendations Judging on the company business strategy, KFC should improve on its menu by creating for more choices of healthier food options. The purpose is to target different type of customers, customers with special needs or diet or people with obesity problems. They can offer brown rice or whole meal rice  instead of white rice, steamed chicken, boiled veggies. Or they can follow up with McDonald’s by offering KFC’s cafà ©, serving cakes, hot and cold coffee or tea, more ice cream options for the kids’ craving. In addition, they may also expand their areas for 24hour services and drive through for the convenience of late customers. References 1. The Associated Press (2011, October). Colonel Sanders secret recipes discovered; manuscript reveals KFC founder’s favorite hometown foods. Retrieved April 18, 2014, from http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/eats/colonel-sanders-secret-recipes-discovered-manuscript-reveals-kfc-founder-favorite-hometown-foods-article-1.975651 2. Brady, D. (2012, March). KFC’s Big Game of Chicken. Retrieved April 19, 2014, from http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-03-29/kfcs-big-game-of-chicken 3. ENP Newswire (2014, March 28). KFC China Launches New Menu and Marketing Strategy Nationwide; Milestone Signifies Next Phase of Company’s Aggressive and Comprehensive Plan to Restage KFC in China. 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